3. 历史上,(主要指,1930年以前的美国市场,同期,中国大陆在上海区域,低层刚架也有少量遗存,近年破坏得比较多),低层刚架钢结构建筑柱底曾经确实是处理得非常麻烦。在 Martin P. Korn 1953年编的《刚架设计施工手册》上面同学们可以找到不少早期金属建筑系统的照片和图纸,还可以看到那个时候为了做铰接柱脚甚至还会做很复杂的铰链。在计算机出现前,结构力学都是手工进行的(工程师只有计算尺、三角板等辅助工具),手工计算部分刚接节点(PR)是非常困难的事,弯矩约束不是理想为零的节点很难评估;
我在北美做了几年钢结构, 从未见地脚螺栓盖板加焊,和抗剪键施工
且一般地脚螺栓孔都要比螺栓大10mm以上
一柱二地脚螺栓,如19MM直径,有斜支持的一柱四地脚螺栓
我在国内未做过建筑, 不知中国风是否大过美国
但我们这里UNDERSIDE OF BASE PLATE TO TOP OF CONCRETE FINISH FLOOR (底板)至少下沉100MM, 通常是200MM,我想是否200MM CONCRETE SLAB 起了抗剪作用
AISC has historically recommended that taking shear in anchor rods should be avoided. If friction between the base plate and foundation is insufficient to resist the shear force, AISC recommends that shear lugs, embedments, or other restraining elements be used to resist these shear forces. There are several problems involving the engagement of rods bearing against the enlarged base plate hole: the movements that must occur for the rod to bear, the number of rods that may go into bearing simultaneously, the vertical locations of the bearing against the plate, and the point of resistance in the concrete causing the eccentricity of shear resulting in the bending force. There are no standard assumptions for these variances. These unknowns must be combined with the relatively small capacity of anchor rods in bending as compared to tensile and shear capacities. If all of the tensile, shear, and bending forces are rather small, the engineer will have to use engineering judgment as to the method of combining the forces.
The AISC specification does not have an equation for combining the effects of tension, shear, and bending on anchor rods. Anchor rods are grouped with bolts in Table J3.2 for determining the nominal tensile and shear stress for bolts and threaded parts. Combined tension and shear of bolts in either bearing or slip-critical connections is covered in Sections J3.7 and J3.8 respectively. These sections do not specifically address anchor rods as there is no definition of an anchor rod connection as being either snug-tightened or pre-tensioned. However, many engineers will use the bearing-type connection equations of Section J3.7 when checking the effects of combined tension and shear. ACI 318 Appendix D has a similar but more conservative straight-line equation approach for checking this interaction of tension and shear. The bending component in a bolted steel-to-steel connection is not addressed in the AISC specification, as this is neglected due to the tendency of clamping pretension to resist the bending.
Kurt Gustafson, S.E., P.E.
American Institute of Steel Construction