我的资料显示广东省奥林匹克中心由美国NEB(Nixon, Ellerbe Becket)集团股份有限公司为主设计，与广州Nixon/Jianpei Chan联合 。参见：
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Ellerbe Becket (USA) leads the design team for the 80,000-seat Olympic stadium for Guangzhou -- the "Flower City." The stadium bowl's design includes a sculpted upper edge, like the petals of a flower. Floating above the seats is a ribbon of roof, which parts at the ends and holds the Olympic flame. The stadium will host the 9th National Games of the People's Republic of China in 2001.
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Panstadia International Quarterly Report
Article code: 53-050
[ARCHITECTURE & DESIGN]
FLOWER CITY[/center]
MICHAEL SABATINI tells how the ancient city of Guangzhou, formerly Canton, is readying for the 9th National Games of the Pepole's Republic of China in 2001 with some astonishing preparations.
Ellerbe Becket, the design architects for Atlanta's Olympic Stadium, is one of only eight firms (five outside China) invited to compete for the project in Guangzhou City, half an hour's flight north of Hong Kong. The detailed thirty four-page brief specifies an 80,000 seat Olympic stadium to house the 9th National Games of the Pepole's Republic of China in 2001. The stadium project is to be the highlight of a 975,000 square meter Guangdong Olympic Center that will include a variety of new international standard facilities. Total budget for the stadium is US$119 million.
The brief states that the stadium must demonstrate the higher standards of the next century and reflect the social and economic advancement of Guangdong while providing a unique image within the context of the local environment. Certainly, this is a challenge as well as an opportunity to design a world class building. Guangzhou is an energetic city that is changing dramatically and moving forward rapidly. It is an exciting and kinetic place and they desire a symbol that reflects the quality of their vision for the future and their respect for the past.
Not just a pretty face, this forward looking project must also satisfy all of the many functional requirements including all track and field events, football (soccer), concerts and performances, exhibitions and gatherings, a variety of sports, 10,000 square meters of retail space, a major athletic club, food and beverage service, a 100 room hotel, 100 private suites, and VIP facilities within the stadium envelope. The stadium will be a state-of-the-art revenue producing facility for the city of Guangzhou.
Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton in the West) lies on the Tropic of Cancer in a subtropical monsoon zone with significant annual rainfall and an annual average temperature of 21.7°C. In this balmy climate the city is green all seasons of the year and known as the "Flower City." The 2000 year old city of more than six million people is a critically important growing economic engine for China. This awareness of the past and the future is very important to the people of the region. It is into this context that the stadium must be cast.
Our project envisions an organic form within the context of Guangzhou that has the intensity of urban experience with greenery flowing in, under, and around the elevated streets of the city. The project must be an icon, a hallmark statement for the future, but it must relate to the current physical environment and its long history.
At the same time a stadium is a place of celebration and must reflect the special nature of the events and activities that take place there. It should be a place different from the activities of daily life, a place of excitement, special occasions, social activity, and renewal. Although the stadium will be the centrepiece of a grand development, an 80,000-seat stadium can easily become an intimidating mass. We must avoid this image at all cost; it must be friendly and accessible to everyone.
With these dynamic forces at work, we created a stadium bowl that grows out of the ground to a sculpted upper edge, like the petals of a flower. It rises on the sides to petal-like notches and opens on the ends to the sky and surrounding landscape. Floating above the bowl is a shimmering ribbon of roof moving up and down as a wave over all of the seats. It parts at the ends and holds the Olympic flame suspended between the two ribbons. The hotel revolves around a circular opening in the roof that forms a vertical tower of light at night visible for a great distance. The undulating roof form, lighted from below is kinetic, a free spirit, floating, and exciting. The shapes are instantly recognisable and unique, different from any other stadium. It is a special place unlike anywhere else in China or the world.
Final Reading
Within this grand idea, we create a stadium that works. The bowl is designed in two tiers with 85-cm treads and state of the art sight lines of the natural turf playing field and synthetic track. General seating chairs are 48-cm wide units. There are 100 private suites, each seating 15, between the upper and lower decks, 600 VIP seats each 56 cm wide, and modern facilities for broadcast and press. The field level is one half meter below grade and accessed by four corner ramps. The lowest level contains parking for VIP's, guests, hotel, exhibition, athletic club, and administration. Wrapped along the perimeter of the stadium at grade is the hotel, the banqueting spaces, and retail space. The exterior of the bowl is concrete with a variety of finishes modulated with a grid of glass and panels creating a composition of solid and void, representing stability and accessibility.
The elevated main level is 5m above grade and is accessed by stairs and elevators distributed around the building. This generous concourse has ample circulation for the public with large numbers of toilets and food and beverage outlets woven through the concourse space as a ribbon and intersects with the retail spaces below. At the two ends of the stadium, the concourse opens offering views of the field and the surrounding landscape. Exhibition spaces, retail, and administrative offices ring the perimeter. Much of the exterior is glazed to allow views of internal activities and light at night.
Directly above the main concourse, along the West side is the VIP level that is accessed by private elevators. On this level are the VIP lounges with direct access to a special seating tier raised above the adjacent seats. The retail space and athletic club are also on this level. Escalators provide direct access from grade to retail spaces. The Athletic club, located along the South end line, has spectacular views of the city and will be a centre for special activities throughout the day.
The next level above is the private suite level with suites, the private lounge, and media spaces. Four VIP boxes are located between pressrooms directly at mid field on the west side. This is a secure, private level with food and beverage, bars, merchandising centres, and private suites. On the south side of the stadium are two suite levels with excellent views of the city as well as the stadium events.
The stadium will have two large video boards with integrated information systems to enhance the spectators' experience. One is a two-colour system, the other a full colour video system. Portable systems will be used for individual field events. A distributed sound system will provide excellent sound quality throughout the seating bowl.
The dynamic roof form engineered by Ellerbe Becket is in fact a space frame system clad in a smooth reflective skin and is based on a structural module generated from the seating deck portals. The roof is supported by double columns between the notches in the petals at the back of the seating bowl. Double columns are used to reduce the visual mass of the structure. The space frame is cantilevered from the columns toward the field and tied down at the back with vertical steel cables. This fully designed, practical structural system is quite efficient and can be erected without the use of temporary support towers. Field lighting will be located in the leading edge of the roof.
The remainder of the seating structure is cast in place concrete. A steel tube system is used to support the tinted glass and lightweight panel areas that modulate the perimeter mass of the stadium base. Even the structural system is symbolic, representing the man made city, while the roof floats above as the Pearl River flows through the city grid.
This is a stadium for the future. It represents the latest thinking and technology in stadium development. It will also be able to perform as a business. This is exactly what the brief requires. However, with the sensitivities of the culture they also demand a response that can serve on many levels: symbolically, historically, functionally, and socially. A challenge certainly, but what could be more fun? As China continues to develop it will take its own path and demand unique solutions that we believe will benefit us all. It is an exciting place in a very interesting time.
Ellerbe Becket is associated with Nixon & Nixon Guangzhou/Jianpei Chan for this project.
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Guangdong Stadium News Release[/center]
Nixon, Ellerbe Becket Team On Sports Project
People's Republic of China Announces Plans for Olympic Stadium
January 4, 1999
Kansas City, Mo. - The People's Republic of China has selected the NEB Design Group Inc. for an 80,000-seat Olympic stadium in the city of Guangzhou about 100 miles north of Hong Kong. The facility, to be known as the Guangdong Olympic Stadium, will be the centerpiece of a 10 million-sq. ft. (nearly one million-sq. m.) Olympic center to include retail, food service, a hotel and an athletic club.
A design competition involved eight firms, five outside China. The winning design team is composed of Ellerbe Becket (design architect), Nixon & Nixon Inc. (project architect) and the Architectural Design and Research Institute of South China University of Technology (architect of record).
The stadium will be ready for the 9th National Games of the People's Republic of China in the fall of 2001.Total budget for the stadium is US $119 million.
The design team set out to create an icon that relates to the physical environment and history of the 2000-year-old city. The climate of Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) is balmy, and the city is green year-round. Guangzhou also is known as the "Flower City." The stadium bowl grows out of the ground to a sculpted upper edge, like the petals of a flower. Floating above the bowl is a shimmering ribbon of roof flowing like a wave over the seats. It parts at the ends and holds the Olympic flame, suspended between the two ribbons.
A hotel surrounds a circular opening in the roof that forms a vertical tower of light, which at night is visible for a great distance. The roof form undulates, making it different from any other stadium in China or the world.
"The project must be an icon, a hallmark statement for the future," said Gordon Wood, AIA, Ellerbe Becket principal in charge. "At the same time a stadium is a place of celebration and must reflect the special nature of the events and activities that take place there. It should be a place of excitement, special occasions, social activity and renewal."
In addition to the track and field events of the national games, Guangdong Stadium also will play host to football (soccer), concerts and exhibitions. The stadium will have modern revenue-generating features such as a 108,000-sq. ft. (10,000-sq. m.) retail space, an athletic club, food and beverage service, a 100-room hotel, 100 private suites and VIP facilities.
"Within this grand idea is a stadium that will work for the people of China for many years to come," said Nick Nixon, AIA, president of Nixon & Nixon.
Ellerbe Becket designed the Centennial Olympic Stadium in Atlanta for the 1996 Summer Olympic Games as part of a team including Heery International Inc., Rosser Fabrap International Inc. and Williams-Russell and Johnson Inc. An innovator since its founding in 1909, Ellerbe Becket provides integrated architecture, engineering, interiors, planning and construction services from 12 office locations worldwide.
Founded 30 years ago, Nixon & Nixon is headquartered in Oklahoma City and also has offices in Hong Kong and Guangzhou. Nixon & Nixon is a full-service architecture and engineering firm.
